Effect of Female Genital Mutilation/Cutting (Fgm/c) Experiences on Pregnancy Outcomes among Women in Gambia: A Regression Analysis of the 2019-2020 Gambia Demographic and Health Survey

Desmond Klu, Institute of Health Research, University of Health and Allied Sciences, Ghana
Michael Odame, University of Environment and Sustainable Development
Frank Kyei-Arthur, University of Environment and Sustainable Development
Haddy Tunkara Bah, University of the Gambia
Jainaba Sey-Sawo, University of the Gambia
Thomas Senghore, University of the Gambia

Abstract This study explores Female genital mutilation/cutting (FGM/C) in The Gambia, where it’s prevalent at 73%. Using data ta from the Gambia Demographic and Health Survey (GDHS), the study examines the effect of Type II and III FGM/C on pregnancy outcomes among women in their reproductive ages. Type II involves sewing the genital area closed, while Type III involves flesh removal. Results show 16.6% experienced Type II and 88.3% Type III. Furthermore, 17% of FGM/C women experienced pregnancy, with those subjected to sewing more likely (aOR = 1.68; 95% CI = 1.39-2.04) to experience it. Factors such as age of women, marital status, parity, ethnic group, and source of drinking water were significantly associated with pregnancy outcomes. The study concludes FGM/C correlates with pregnancy loss and other health issues, advocating for enforced policies to eradicate the practice and safeguard maternal health.